Railway Lines
Railway insulators electrically separate energized components (overhead catenary wires, pantographs, or third rails) from supporting structures while also withstanding mechanical loads. They prevent current leakage and stray-return currents that can damage track infrastructure or interfere with signaling, and they protect maintenance staff and the public; common types include suspension/post insulators, insulator brackets/spacers, and insulated rail joints made from porcelain, glass, or polymer composites.